The core issue is that the treatment variable (being classified as an LLM adopter) is mechanically related to researchers’ publication volume: the more papers an author publishes, the more likely they are to be classified as treated.
🚨 A few months ago, a paper published in Science reported that “LLM adoption is associated with a large increase in researchers’ scientific output.”
In a comment released today, we show that the reported effects are driven by a methodological issue in the empirical design. arxiv.org/abs/2605.17979
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