Political scientist, Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
https://odeliaoshri.com/
Odelia Oshri
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First, the big picture: Across 18 Western European democracies (2002–2020), there is a massive, persistent voting gap.
Muslims support left-wing parties at much higher rates than non-Muslims, often by >30 points. This gap spikes when the far-right enters parliament.
We also asked an open-ended Q: "What does Germany mean to you?"
Exposure to hate crimes or far-right rhetoric sparked terms like "racism". But importantly, it also invoked "justice," "freedom," & "tolerance."
Exclusion can intensify appeals to democratic ideals for protection.
