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So excited to see this amazing work out today in #JACS! ⚡🎉 A great interdisciplinary project and wonderful team effort, combining electrosynthesis and #compchem with lots of creativity and collaboration! @manchester.ac.uk #Electrosynthesis #OrganicChemistry #ComputationalChemistry
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Cristina Trujillo
Excited to see our recent work on the electroreductive cleavage of C(sp³)–N bonds in saturated N-carbonyl heterocycles out in @jacs.acspublications.org 🔌Check the full study here: pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/...
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Ring-opening C–N bond cleavage reactions provide an effective means to convert widespread, readily accessible chiral N-heterocycles into hard-to-attain stereodefined linear amines. Current strategies either rely on the strain-induced release of small aziridine and azetidine rings or, for larger ring systems, require highly electrophilic reagents, oxidative conditions, or preinstalled reactive functionalities to enable the ring-opening event. Recently, complementary radical strategies that exploit the reactivity of α-amino-ketyl radicals, formed upon single-electron transfer (SET) reduction of common N-carbonyl protecting groups, have emerged. Nevertheless, these methods facilitate the homolytic fragmentation only of up to 5-membered azacycles. In this study, we leveraged electroreductive conditions to switch the nature of the above C–N bond cleavage manifold from radical to ionic and enable the heterolytic ring-opening of a broad array of unstrained cyclic amines (comprising pyrrolidines, piperidines, azepines, azocanes, and N-macrocycles), protected as N-(thio)amides, carbamates, or ureas. Crucially, this electrochemically enabled reactivity switch grants complementary functional group compatibility and a broader ring size and N-carbonyl group scope. Computational and experimental studies indicate that electrochemical settings are crucial for generating the Mg(II)-Lewis acid catalyst, activating the N-carbonyl moiety while prompting the so-formed oxy-iminium ion intermediates to undergo two consecutive cathodic SET reductions, generating “umpoled” α-amino-α-oxy-carbanion species. These, via irreversible E1cB fragmentation of the adjacent C–N bond, lead to the desired ring-opened products. Our electrochemical procedure can be scaled up and miniaturized (enabling its application to high-throughput experimentation screening), and its synthetic utility has been demonstrated by accessing decorated stereodefined linear amides from stereochemically rich pyrrolidine and azepane derivatives.
pubs.acs.org
Electroreductive Cleavage of C(sp3)–N Bonds in Saturated N-Carbonyl Heterocycles
Giacomo Crisenza