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There is also good news embedded in the report. We find that taVNS briefly purturbs the correlation of the pupil dilation trace of the left and the right eye. This novel marker is not as strongly associated with sensory ratings. But it makes sense since we stimulate one side of the vagus.

Pulsed taVNS elicits pupil dilation. However, if sham feels as intense, there is not much left. Based on our comparatively large sample (94 participants, single-blind crossover), we show that a highly variable sham response explains this. #neuroskyence 🩺 www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...