Online Now: Context dependency in cancer neuroscience
Neural signaling shapes tumor progression, but it is not intrinsically tumor-promoting or tumor-restrictive. Birbrair et al. argue that neural directionality is context-dependent and governed by tumor kinetics, tissue architecture, neural state, receptor and target-cell topology, immune-host biology, and treatment history. They propose a mechanistically interpretable and clinically actionable reporting framework for precision neuromodulatory oncology.