Glioblastoma (GBM) is among the most formidable of all human cancers. Despite decades of effort, patient outcomes have changed little. The reasons are now all too familiar: extensive genetic heterogeneity, diffuse infiltration into normal brain, profound immune suppression, and the challenge of delivering therapies safely within the central nervous system. Even when targetable mutations are identified, tumors rapidly evolve around them, undermining precision oncology.
