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businesses and government investment rather than to household consumption, this can constitute a very large subsidy (often larger than any other) that is hard to measure.
For those interested in reading the OECD study, you can find it here:
www.oecd.org/en/publicati...
Industrial subsidies have reached their highest levels since the global financial crisis, amounting to USD 108 billion in 2024 and reflecting governments’ renewed interest for industrial policy in a c...
