In the absence of predatory fish, the stickleback lost their defensive pelvic spines. They are the only known stickleback populations on the east coast of the US or Canada to have lost pelvic spines, apart from a population in Narrows Pond, Newfoundland.
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We describe the antipredator armour of a unique population of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from Narrows Pond in western Newfoundland and compare traits for this population to nearby...
